Essential oil content and composition of six Iranian Nepeta species (N. prostrata, N. saturejoides, N. sessilifolia, N. fissa, N. betonicifolia and N. ucranica).

The aerial parts essential oils of six Nepeta species (N. prostrata, N. saturejoides, N. sessilifolia, N. fissa, N. betonicifolia and N. ucranica) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. In the oils of two populations of N. prostrata, 1,8-cineole (49.8%-51.1%) was main constituent. Epoxy-alloaromadendrene (42.5%) was major compound in the oil of one population of N. saturejoides and α-humulene (25.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (19.7) were major components of the second population. In the oils of two populations of N. sessilifolia, n-octadecanol (17%-19%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.8%-16%) were main constituents, while α-pinene (32.5%) and spathulenol were major components of the third population. In the essential oils of three populations of N. fissa, caryophyllene oxide (16.1%-33.5%) was major compound, but each population had particular compound such as carvacrol, (E)-caryophyllene or spathulenol with remarkable amount. Tetradecanal (55.5%) and trans-muurola-4(14),5-diene (46.2%.) were main components in the oils of N. betonicifolia and N. ucranica, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing autoimmune disorders among ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

INTRODUCTION: In acute conditions, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes multi-organ damage due to the induction of inappropriate immune responses, particularly lung tissue fibrosis. To evaluate the consequence of the deterioration of the immune system, autoimmune markers were assessed. METHODS: In a case-control study, 108 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 158 outpatients with mild clinical symptoms, with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) positive tests, were included for comparison. The demographic and hematologic variables and presence of the main autoantibodies in sera of 40 eligible ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 40 COVID-19 outpatients were assessed. Out of 108 COVID-19 ICU-hospitalized patients, 40 were selected as the control group (40/158) who had no underlying diseases before hospitalization, according to their self-declaration and clinical records at the time of admission. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the main complete blood count indices, such as red blood cells and platelets, decreased dramatically in ICU-hospitalized patients. Furthermore, the autoantibody profiles were positive in 45% and 15% of ICU-admitted patients for antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies, respectively. In ICU patients, anti-PM/Scl 100 or AMA-M2 was 33%. Anti SS-A, anti-SS-B, anti-Ro-52, and anti-Jo-1 in 11.5% for each one were reactive. Other autoantibodies of the ICU group were as follows: CENP (5.6%), Rib-protein (5.6%), and nucleosome (5.6%). However, only two individuals in the control group had positive results for SS-A and SS-B (5%). CONCLUSION: Induction of such particular autoantibodies by the virus can justify the multi-organ involvement and severity of the disease in ICU patients, which may also cause other organ involvement in the long term.

Molecular insight into the study of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): Ten-year studies on HTLV-1 associated diseases in an endemic region.

The outcome of successful infection, including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is determined by the interactions between the host and the infectious agent. Ten years of work on HTLV-1-associated diseases in an endemic region of Iran have been critically compared in the present study. The outstanding findings of RNA-seq, system biology analysis, and gene expression measurements on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and enzootic bovine leukosis(EBL) in our lab encouraged us to investigate the significant role of oncogenes in the ATLL malignancy. Most studies assessed such interactions by the proviral load (PVL), Tax, and HBZ regulatory proteins in HTLV-1 and the host's immunological and cell cycle factors. The current study is a comprehensive comparing view of our previously published and unpublished results investigating the HTLV-1-host interactions leading to the transformation of the infected cell. The main focus has been on the essential proteins implicated in the virus dissemination, cell survival, and proliferation of infected cells toward leukemia development and progression. Similar to its homolog BLV-AS-1-2 in EBL, the HTLV-1-HBZ is a pivotal factor in the maintenance and progression of the ATLL. In addition, the inappropriate activities of the PI3K/Akt pathway, BRCAs, and RAD51 in the DNA repair system, which are orchestrating many other immortalization pathways, might be the central factors in the manifestation of ATLL. HTLV-1-HBZ and the host PI3K/Akt pathway, BCAs, and RAD51 could be suggested as influential targets for the prognosis and proper therapy of ATLL.

Coevolution of HTLV-1-HBZ, Tax, and proviral load with host IRF-1 and CCNA-2 in HAM/TSP patients.

Background HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative inflammatory condition of HTLV-1 infection. Viral-host interactions are a significant contributor to the symptoms of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, in this study, the expression of the main regulatory viral factors and proviral load (PVL) and two host transcription molecules were evaluated in HAM/TSP patients. Materials and methods The study population included 17 HAM/TSP patients, 20 asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). RNA and DNA were extracted from PBMCs for assessment of the gene expressions and PVL assessment using RT-qPCR and TaqMan method. Results HTLV-1-PVL was higher in HAM/TSPs (395.80 ± 99.69) than ACs (92.92 ± 29.41) (P = 0.001). The Tax expression in HAM/TSPs (7.8 ± 5.7) was strongly higher than ACs (0.06 ± 0.04) (P = 0.02), while HTLV-1-HBZ was only increased around three times in HAM/TSPs (3.17), compared to ACs (1.20) and not significant. The host IRF1 expression in HAM/TSPs (0.4 ± 0.31) was higher than ACs (0.09 ± 0.05) (P = 0.02) and also HCs (0.16 ± 0.07) (P = 0.5), but lower in ACs than HCs (p = 0.01). Although, in HAM/TSPs (0.13 ± 0.09) and ACs (0.03 ± 0.02) CCNA-2 expression was statistically fewer than HCs (0.18 ± 0.06) (P = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively), in HAM/TSP was higher than ACs (P = 0.1), but did not meet a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion The study showed that HTLV-1-PVL and Tax, along with host IRF-1, could be considered biomarkers in HAM/TSP development. Furthermore, IRF-1, as an essential transcription factor, can be considered a pivotal target in HAM/TSPs treatment.

Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes.

The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are perceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents' perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and morbidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.

The psychological impact of COVID-19 and restrictive measures in the world.

BACKGROUND: In a short time, the COVID-19 pandemic turned into a global emergency. The fear of becoming infected and the lockdown measures have drastically changed people's daily routine. The aim of this study is to establish the psychological impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is entailing, particularly with regards to levels of stress, anxiety and depression, and to the risks of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). METHODS: The study, carried out with a sample of 1612 subjects distributed in seven countries (Australia, China, Ecuador, Iran, Italy, Norway and the United States), allowed us to collect information about the psychological impact of COVID-19. RESULTS: The findings of this study show that the levels of stress, depression and anxiety, as well as the risks of PTSD, are higher than average in over half of the considered sample. The severity of these disorders significantly depends on gender, type of outdoor activities, characteristics of their homes, eventual presence of infected acquaintances, time dedicated to looking for related information (in the news and social networks), type of source information and, in part, to the level of education and income. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that COVID-19 has a very strong psychological impact on the global population. This appears to be linked to the coping strategies adopted, level of mindful awareness, socio-demographic variables, people's habits and the way individuals use means of communication and information.

A survey dataset to evaluate the changes in mobility and transportation due to COVID-19 travel restrictions in Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa, United States.

COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted the global community. To curb the viral transmission, travel restrictions have been enforced across the world. The dataset documents the mobility disruptions and the modal shifts that have occurred as a consequence of the restrictive measures implemented in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. An online questionnaire was distributed during the period from the 11st to the 31st of May 2020, with a total of 9 394 respondents. The first part of the survey has characterized the frequency of use of all transport modes before and during the enforcement of the restrictions, while the second part of the survey has dealt with perceived risks of contracting COVID-19 from different transport modes and perceived effectiveness of travel mitigation measures. Overall, the dataset (stored in a repository publicly available) can be conveniently used to quantify and understand the modal shifts and people's cognitive behavior towards travel due to COVID-19. The collected responses can be further analysed by considering other demographic and socioeconomic covariates.

The IL-33/sST2 Axis in Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

BACKGROUND: Until recently, it remains unknown whether thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a type of systemic vasculitis. A high level of IL-33 and its soluble decoy receptor sST2 in the acute phase of systemic vasculitis has been demonstrated. METHODS: The serum level of IL-33 and sST2 in 50 TAO patients, 20 age- and smoking habit-matched controls and 19 age-matched non-smoker controls was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean level of IL-33 in TAO, smokers and non-smokers was 370.2±61.7ng/mL,132.14±2.6ng/mL and 11.3±0.38ng/mL, respectively. The IL-33 was significantly higher in the TAO than in either control groups (p < 0.001). The IL-33 in the acute phase of TAO was significantly higher than in the patients in the quiescent phase of the disease (p = 0.019). Also, IL-33 in the patients with gangrene was significantly higher than in the patients with non-healing ulcers (p = 0.021). The sST2 in the TAO patients was 49.3±5.58ng/mL, and in smoker and non-smoker controls, it was 45.3±6.3ng/mL and 4.11±0.17ng/mL, respectively. No significant difference was found between the patients and smoker control groups (p = 0.87). The mean ratio of IL-33/sST2 was 27.89±10.44 in the TAO group and, in smokers and non-smokers, it was 2.85±0.48 and 2.84±0.14, respectively. A significantly high level of IL-33/sST2 ratio was observed in TAO patients in both the active and quiescent phases of the disease in comparison to both control groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The regulation pattern of IL-33/sST2 was different in TAO in comparison to autoimmune vasculitis.

Survey data regarding perceived air quality in Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa, United States before and during Covid-19 restrictions.

The dataset deals with the air quality perceived by citizens before and during the enforcement of COVID-19 restrictions in ten countries around the world: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. An online survey conveniently translated into Chinese, English, Italian, Norwegian, Persian, Portuguese collected information regarding the perceived quality of air pollution according to a Likert scale. The questionnaire was distributed between 11-05-2020 and 31-05-2020 and 9 394 respondents took part. Both the survey and the dataset (stored in a Microsoft Excel Worksheet) are available in a public repository. The collected data offer the people's subjective perspectives related to the objective improvement in air quality occurred during the COVID-19 restrictions. Furthermore, the dataset can be used for research studies involving the reduction in air pollution as experienced, to a different extent, by populations of all the ten countries.

Detection of Rickettsia Endosymbiont Bemisia Tabaci in the Amputated Limbs of Three Buerger's Disease Patients.

Until recently, the aetiology of Buerger's disease (BD) has been unknown. Although there is a close relationship between BD and smoking, it cannot explain the low prevalence of BD among smokers or the disease's geographical distribution. Infectious pathogens, such as Rickettsial infection, have also been suggested as the trigger of BD development, but this theory has neither been proven nor ruled out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the footprint of Rickettsial infection in tissue specimens obtained from amputees with Buerger's disease. Forty-nine tissue biopsies were obtained from three below-the-knee amputees who also had a diagnosis of BD according to Olin's criteria (between 14-21 biopsies for each patient). After extraction of DNA from the tissue samples, the existence of 16srRNA was evaluated using a PCR test. The sequence of PCR products was evaluated using Geneious 11.1.2 software and NCBI blast. The 16srRNA was found in 3 to 7 samples from each patient. The sequence of the PCR products had a 98% homology with Rickettsia Tabaci. The sequences of the three patients were aligned, and no difference was found in the sequence of 16srRNA amongst the patients. Rickettsia Tabaci is a pathogen that infects tobacco leaves. Thus, BD might be an infectious disease for which smoking could be the route of pathogen entry into the bloodstreams of the sufferers. However, further studies are highly recommended to confirm this hypothesis.

Abnormal vitamin D and lipid profile in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients.

The HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurodegenerative disease of host-HTLV-1 interactions. In many virus-associated diseases and multiple sclerosis, the importance of vitamin-D and lipid profile has been demonstrated, thus similarly, their impacts were evaluated in HAM/TSP patients, in this study. Vitamin D and lipid profile were assessed in 120 healthy subjects (HSs), along with a proviral load (PVL) in 91 HAM/TSPs and 169 HTLV-1 carriers (ACs). The mean level of triglyceride and LDL in the HAM/TSPs were higher than HSs (P = 0.008 and 0.008, respectively), but no significant difference has been found between ACs and HSs. However, the level of HDL and vitamin-D in the HAM/TSP subjects were lower than HSs (P = 0.01 and P = 0.006, respectively). In HTLV-1 infected subjects, PVL was statistically associated with cholesterol (R = 0.24, P = 0.038), triglycerides (R = 0.26, P = 0.01) and HDL (R = 0.28, P = 0.001), and in HAM/TSPs there was a strong association between the severity of the disease, as determined by the OMDS and cholesterol (P = 0.01). Furthermore, in the HAM/TSPs, positive correlations between vitamin-D and age (R = 0.23, P = 0.028) and triglycerides (R = 0.38, P = 0.001) were found, also a significant correlation between PVL and LDL (R = 0.21, P = 0.001) and a weak correlation between PVL and OMDS (R = 0.4, P = 0.07) were noted. However, there was no correlation between PVL and urinary disturbance. Furthermore, PVL range of more than 600 copies/104 lymphocytes had a strong correlation with OMDS (P = 0.05), but not with urinary disturbance. It's more likely that HAM/TSP patients have an imbalanced lipid profile and low levels of vitamin D and may represent a potentially useful target for intervention in HTLV-1 associated diseases.

Correction to: Curcumin: a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in the immune system.

Unfortunately, the 4th author name was incorrectly published in the original article. The complete correct name is given below.

Curcumin: a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in the immune system.

Curcumin is a natural compound derived from the spice, turmeric, that has been extensively reported for its efficacy in controlling or treatment of several inflammatory diseases. There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in the immune system. On the other hand, the role of inflammatory signaling pathways has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, and signaling molecules involved in these pathways are considered as valuable targets for new treatment approaches. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the modulatory effects of curcumin on inflammatory signaling pathways which leads to inhibition of inflammation in different types of immune cells and animal models. In this comprehensive review, we elaborate on how curcumin can effectively inhibit multiple signaling molecules involved in inflammation including NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, MAPKs, ß-catenin, and Notch-1.

Complete sequence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 in ATLL patients from Northeast Iran, Mashhad revealed a prematurely terminated protease and an elongated pX open reading frame III.

To gain insight into the origin, evolution, dissemination and viral factors affecting HTLV-1-associated diseases, knowing the complete viral genome sequences is important. So far, no full-length HTLV-1 genome sequence has been reported from Iran. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of HTLV-1 viruses isolated from adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients from this region. The genome size of HTLV-1-MhD (Mashhad) was found to be 9036 bp and sequence analysis of the LTR region showed that it belongs to cosmopolitan subtype A. Comparing the sequences with isolates from another endemic area (HTLV-1ATK) revealed variations in the U3 region (~3.4%), while there was 99.1% and 97.0% similarity in R and U5 regions, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of HTLV-1 gag, pro and pol genes had a difference of 1.1% compared with HTLV-1 ATK with 16 nucleotides replaced in the gag and 27 in the pol regions. There was no variability in the amino acid sequences in the p24gag, however three residues were different in the p19gag and one in the p15gag. The nucleotide sequence of env showed a divergence of 1.5% compared to ATK with 22-nucleotide variation. The HTLV-1-MhD Tax, p13, p30, and p12 had 99.1, 100, 98.8, and 98%, respectively similarity with the prototype strain. Four amino acid changes were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. The nucleotide identity between the isolates of Mashhad and those isolated from France, Germany, China, Canada and Brazil was 99.1%, 99.2%, 97.9%, 99% and 99.3%, respectively. Four amino acid changes compared with HTLV-1ATK from Japan were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. This data could provide information regarding the evolutionary history, phylogeny, origin of the virus and vaccine design.

Thromboangiitis obliterans episode: autoimmune flare-up or reinfection?

BACKGROUND: The possible role of infectious pathogens in the development of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) was considered soon after the disease was first described. However, it is not yet known whether infectious pathogens induce thrombotic vasculitis or if they cause a type of autoimmune disease. To investigate whether TAO relapses are more likely due to reinfection or autoimmune flare, the serum levels of toll-like receptor (sTLR) 4, sTLR2, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neopterin were evaluated in TAO patients during both the acute and quiescent phases of the disease as well as in a gender-, age-, and smoking habit-matched control group. METHODS: Following a cross-sectional study design, 28 patients in the acute phase of TAO and 23 patients in the quiescent phase participated in this study. In addition, 31 matched controls were enrolled. RESULTS: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was significantly higher in patients in the acute phase of the disease than in patients in the quiescent phase (P=0.012). Also, TLR4 was significantly higher in the patients with CRP >7 µm/mL than in the patients with lower CRP (P=0.031). Notably, TLR4 in the patients in the quiescent phase of TAO was significantly lower than in the controls (P=0.006). No significant difference in the level of TLR2 was found among the groups (P>0.05). Neopterin was significantly higher in the acute phase of TAO in comparison to the quiescent phase (P=0.003) and the controls (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the trigger of TAO might be Gram-negative bacteria, which can be hidden or immunologically suppressed in the quiescent phase of TAO, leading to a lower level of TLR4 accompanying the normal level of neopterin. However, relapses might develop according to toxic or hypoxic cell injuries. Hence, TLR4 shedding will increase, and therefore, sTLR4 could become closer to the level demonstrated in the controls.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Features, Action, and Their Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria.

In recent years, because of increased resistance to conventional antimicrobials, many researchers have started to study the synthesis of new antibiotics to control the disease-causing effects of infectious pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the newest antibiotics; these peptides are integral compounds in all kinds of organisms and play a significant role in microbial ecology, and critically contribute to the innate immunity of organisms by destroying invading microorganisms. Moreover, AMPs may encourage cells to produce chemokines, stimulate angiogenesis, accelerate wound healing, and influence programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Bacteria differ in their inherent susceptibility and resistance mechanisms to these peptides when responding to the antimicrobial effects of AMPs. Generally, the development of AMP resistance mechanisms is driven by direct competition between bacterial species, and host and pathogen interactions. Several studies have shown diverse mechanisms of bacterial resistance to AMPs, for example, some bacteria produce proteases and trapping proteins; some modify cell surface charge, change membrane fluidity, and activate efflux pumps; and some species make use of biofilms and exopolymers, and develop sensing systems by selective gene expression. A closer understanding of bacterial resistance mechanisms may help in developing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infections caused by pathogenic organisms that are successful in developing extensive resistance to AMPs. Based on these observations, this review discusses the properties of AMPs, their targeting mechanisms, and bacterial resistance mechanisms against AMPs.

Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of Mentha longifolia L. and hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. plants against important human pathogens.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Mentha longifolia L. (M. longifolia) and hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Z. multiflora) against important human pathogens. METHODS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were kinds of pathogenic bacteria to determine the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of M. longifolia and hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora using broth microdiluation method. RESULTS: The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) were observed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for K. pneumonia and Serratia marcescens (2.5 and 5 mg/mL) were observed by the aqueous extracts of M. longifolia. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it seems that Z. multiflora and M. longifolia extracts could inhibit the growth of all of the mentioned bacteria.

The aflatoxin B1 isolating potential of two lactic acid bacteria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine lactic acid bacteria's capability to enhance the process of binding and isolating aflatoxin B1 and to utilize such lactic acid bacteria as a food supplement or probiotic products for preventing absorption of aflatoxin B1 in human and animal bodies. METHODS: In the present research, the bacteria were isolated from five different sources. For surveying the capability of the bacteria in isolating aflatoxin B1, ELISA method was implemented, and for identifying the resultant strains through 16S rRNA sequencing method, universal primers were applied. RESULTS: Among the strains which were isolated, two strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris exhibited the capability of absorbing and isolating aflatoxin B1 by respectively absorbing and discharging 17.4% and 34.7% of the aforementioned toxin existing in the experiment solution. CONCLUSIONS: Strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris were isolated from human feces and local milk samples, respectively. And both strains has the ability to isolate or bind with aflatoxin B1.

The aflatoxin B1 isolating potential of two lactic acid bacteria

Objective:To determine lactic acid bacteria’s capability to enhance the process of binding and isolating aflatoxin B1 and to utilize such lactic acid bacteria as a food supplement or probiotic products for preventing absorption of aflatoxin B1 in human and animal bodies. Methods: In the present research, the bacteria were isolated from five different sources. For surveying the capability of the bacteria in isolating aflatoxin B1, ELISA method was implemented, and for identifying the resultant strains through 16S rRNA sequencing method, universal primers were applied. Results: Among the strains which were isolated, two strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris exhibited the capability of absorbing and isolating aflatoxin B1 by respectively absorbing and discharging 17.4%and 34.7%of the aforementioned toxin existing in the experiment solution. Conclusions:Strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris were isolated from human feces and local milk samples, respectively. And both strains has the ability to isolate or bind with aflatoxin B1.